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Analysis of technical specifications and possibilities of therapeutic X-Ray systems for non-tumour therapies
Pospíšil, Milan ; Králík, Martin (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
This thesis deals with the use of X-rays for non-tumor therapy. It describes the formation of X-rays, their effects on the human organism and its protection. It also summarizes what diseases can be treated with irradiation and on what principle treatment is based. A part of the work is the design of the transportable X-ray station. This station is, in the next chapter, compared with the x-ray workplace in Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute with 10 years of experience. In the next part I deal with a measuring of X-ray absorption with various materials, and a description of the calibration of X-ray systems.
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Analysis of technical specifications and possibilities of therapeutic X-Ray systems for non-tumour therapies
Pospíšil, Milan ; Králík, Martin (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
This thesis deals with the use of X-rays for non-tumor therapy. It describes the formation of X-rays, their effects on the human organism and its protection. It also summarizes what diseases can be treated with irradiation and on what principle treatment is based. A part of the work is the design of the transportable X-ray station. This station is, in the next chapter, compared with the x-ray workplace in Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute with 10 years of experience. In the next part I deal with a measuring of X-ray absorption with various materials, and a description of the calibration of X-ray systems.
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Client´s knowlege about the ionizing radiation on the radiology department
PETRÁŇOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis deals with clients' awareness of ionizing radiation at the radiology department. Its aim was to compare the knowledge of clients undergoing examination at the Radiology Department at Strakonice Hospital and Písek Hospital in the area of ionizing radiation. The thesis includes two hypotheses, H1: The knowledge of clients undergoing examination at the Radiology Department at Strakonice Hospital and Písek Hospital in the area of ionizing radiation will be comparable. and H2: The knowledge of clients undergoing examination at the Radiology Department at Strakonice Hospital and Písek Hospital in the area of ionizing radiation will reach 75%. In order to achieve the goal and to verify the hypotheses, a questionnaire was prepared with the help of which a questionnaire survey was carried out. The results were then evaluated using the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The questionnaire contained two unnumbered questions of an informative nature and 16 questions focused on basic knowledge of ionizing radiation. In total, 700 clients from the Radiological Department of the Strakonice Hospital and Písek Hospital participated in the questionnaire survey. However, all questionnaires filled in incorrectly have been deducted from this number. According to the data obtained from the questionnaire survey, the average success rate of the answered questions was only 25%, which can be considered a very below-average result. The clients of the Radiology Department at Písek Hospital were successful in only 24% of questions and the clients from Strakonice Hospital had a success rate of 26%. The set goals have been achieved and both hypotheses were refuted. The main contribution of this bachelor thesis is the acquired picture of the state of clients' awareness of ionizing radiation at the radiology department. The obtained data can be used to improve awareness not only of clients at the radiology department, but also of the general public.
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Radioactive wastes and the release of radioactive substances into the environment (learning program)
NOVÁK, Jan
This bachelor thesis, "Radioactive waste and the release of radioactive substances into the environment", is concerned (among others) with nuclear fuel and the biological effects of ionizing radiation. First, it briefly describes the history of this branch in the Czech Republic. Then the work is focused on the effects of ionizing radiation, divided into deterministic and stochastic effects. The work also contains a list of legislative norms regarding the handling of radioactive waste in the Czech Republic and the European Union. Protection of the environment and health against hazardous radioactive waste is at present regulated by several guidelines. The primary objective of this work was to compile a comprehensive basis for presentation to university students on the subject of radioactive waste and its impact on the environment. The concluding discussion presents the author's views on another possible application of e-learning in dealing with this branch of study at the University of South Bohemia.
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Biodosimetry for persons exposed to alpha radiation: dependence on malignity (exp. work).
KŘÍŽOVÁ, Marcela
In the thesis I focus on evaluation of the effect of familiar occurrence of cancer on presence and number of micro-nuclei in blood preparations with particular groups of persons. One of the biodosimetry methods, test for presence, number and kind of micro-nuclei, was used. I was not investigating the dosages as such and connection of the number of micro-nuclei with the dose, however, I followed up the effect of potentially influencing side factor on presence and number of micro-nuclei, which is the familiar occurrence of tumour. As a lot of information about ionizing radiation, its sources, radioactivity, radio-biologically important quantities, mechanisms of effects, molecular and cellular changes and biodosimetric methods as such falls under the topic, the theoretical part of diploma project is dedicated to such information. In the practical part, evaluation of the number and kind of micro-nuclei with set groups of persons is carried out. These groups of persons are particularly exposed to ? radiation. They are employees of spa Lázně Jáchymov, former miners from already closed uranium mines in Příbram and current miners from uranium mines GEAM o. z. Dolní Rožínka. These selected persons are divided according to their workplaces into two groups, i.e. a group of persons without cancer occurrence in the family and a group of persons with occurrence of cancer in their families. The numbers of bi-nuclei cells without micro-nuclei and with micro-nuclei and the kinds of micro-nuclei were determined with all these persons using fluorescence microscope. Expression and comparison of percentages of bi-nuclei cells with micro-nuclei to total number of all bi-nuclei followed and then expression and comparison of proportion of micro-nuclei without centromeres to the number of micro-nuclei of both kinds (with centromeres and without centromeres) with all persons and groups were carried out. Based on the results gained from statistical assessment, it was found that differences between percentages of the two main compared groups of persons did not show higher genomic instability (statistically significant difference) in persons with familiar occurrence of cancer than in persons without cancer in the family. But by comparing the shares of micronuclei without centromeres was proved statistically significant difference between these main groups.
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